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Substances

Types of Substances:

Nicotine

Onset Time: Seconds to minutes (inhaled)Duration: 1–2 hoursPrimary Effects: Alertness, relaxation, reduced appetiteCommon Side Effects: Increased heart rate, nausea, dizzinessLong-Term Risks: Addiction, lung disease, heart disease, anxietyDangerous Interactions: May increase heart risks when combined with stimulants or heart medications

Nicotine is a natural chemical found in tobacco and used in many products like cigarettes, cigars, and vapes. It acts as a stimulant, meaning it can temporarily improve focus, mood, or energy. That’s why some people feel more relaxed or alert when they use it.But nicotine is also very addictive or habit-forming, especially for young people. The brain is still developing through your mid-20s, and nicotine can affect areas involved in attention, memory, and decision-making. Over time, people often build a tolerance, meaning they need more to feel the same effects.Vaping has become popular, especially because of flavors and social trends. While it avoids some of the harm of smoking, vapes still contain nicotine and other chemicals that may affect your lungs. For many, starting with vapes makes quitting harder later.It’s important to know that not everyone who tries nicotine becomes addicted, but the risk is real, especially when use starts early or becomes regular. Being informed helps you make choices that work for your health, goals, and future.

Marijuana

Onset Time: Minutes (smoked), 30–90 minutes (edibles)
Duration: 2–6 hours (can linger)
Primary Effects: Euphoria, altered senses, relaxation, appetite increase
Common Side Effects: Dry mouth, anxiety, short-term memory issues
Long-Term Risks: Cognitive decline (in youth), dependence, lung irritation
Dangerous Interactions: Alcohol and sedatives (can increase sedation)

Marijuana, also called cannabis or weed, is a plant that can be smoked, vaped, or eaten. It contains chemicals like THC, which makes you feel high, and CBD, which has more calming or medical effects. People use it for many reasons — to relax, feel creative, manage pain, or socialize.Cannabis affects everyone differently. Some people feel calm or happy, while others may feel anxious or paranoid, especially if they use a lot or have underlying stress. It can also impact memory, focus, and coordination — so doing things like driving while high can be dangerous.In many places, marijuana is legal for medical or recreational use, but it's still illegal in others. Laws continue to change, and that’s why it’s important to stay informed about your local regulations.For teens and young adults, using cannabis regularly while the brain is still developing may affect learning and motivation. That doesn’t mean it’s automatically harmful, but it’s something to be aware of when thinking about long-term goals.Marijuana isn’t physically addictive in the same way as other drugs, but some people can develop habits or feel anxious when they try to stop. Like anything that affects your mind and body, it’s worth thinking about why, how often, and how it fits into your life.

Amnita Muscaria Mushrooms

Amanita muscaria is the bright red mushroom with white spots you’ve probably seen in fairy tales or games. It’s real — and it contains chemicals that affect the brain differently than other psychedelic mushrooms like psilocybin.People who use it sometimes describe dreamlike or “floating” experiences, vivid imagery, or deep sleep-like states. In traditional cultures, especially in parts of Siberia, it was used in rituals or spiritual practices.However, effects can be unpredictable. The active compounds — muscimol and ibotenic acid — affect the brain in ways that science still doesn’t fully understand. Some people report peaceful experiences, while others may feel dizzy, nauseous, or confused.Amanita isn’t known to be addictive, but preparation matters a lot. Raw mushrooms can make people sick, and eating too much may lead to unwanted effects. Also, picking mushrooms in nature without proper knowledge can be risky, since some are poisonous.While this mushroom has cultural significance and unique effects, it’s not commonly used recreationally for a reason. Like with many things, knowing the history, the risks, and the science can help you make informed, respectful choices — without fear, but with awareness.

Psilocybin Mushrooms

Onset Time: 20–60 minutes
Duration: 4–6 hours
Primary Effects: Visual hallucinations, emotional shifts, altered awareness
Common Side Effects: Nausea, confusion, increased heart rate
Long-Term Risks: Rare, but can trigger anxiety or underlying mental health conditions
Dangerous Interactions: SSRIs, MAOIs, other psychedelics

Psilocybin mushrooms — sometimes called “magic mushrooms” — are natural fungi that contain a chemical that affects how the brain processes thoughts, emotions, and perceptions. People may feel more connected to nature, experience visual changes, or think in new ways. These effects are often described as a “trip.”Used for thousands of years by Indigenous cultures, psilocybin was part of spiritual and healing ceremonies. Today, it’s being researched for its potential to help with things like severe depression and anxiety when used in safe and supportive environments. However, trips can also be emotionally/ mentally intense. Some people feel overwhelmed, anxious, or confused, especially if they’re in an uncomfortable setting or not in the right mindset. While psilocybin isn’t addictive, it’s powerful, and it’s not for everyone.Mushroom use comes with practical risks, too. Some lookalikes are toxic, and misidentifying them can be dangerous. The effects of a trip can also last several hours, so setting, safety, and support really matter.If you ever consider exploring something like this, education, self-awareness, and respect for its cultural history are key. It’s not about fear — it’s about being prepared and thoughtful.

'Molly' Ecstasy (MDMA)

Onset Time: 30–60 minutes
Duration: 4–6 hours
Primary Effects: Euphoria, emotional connection, increased energy
Common Side Effects: Jaw clenching, sweating, dehydration
Long-Term Risks: Serotonin depletion, sleep/memory issues, overheating
Dangerous Interactions: SSRIs, MAOIs, and other stimulants

MDMA — also called Molly or Ecstasy — is a stimulant with mild psychedelic effects. It’s most often found in pills or powders and is commonly used at parties, clubs, or music festivals. People take MDMA for its emotional effects: increased empathy, connection, energy, and positive mood.MDMA increases the brain’s release of serotonin, a chemical linked to happiness and mood. That’s why people often feel more open, connected, and loving during the experience. These effects can be powerful, but they’re also temporary, and some people feel mentally “drained” or down the next day — called a “comedown.”MDMA isn't physically addictive, but using it too often can affect mood and sleep, especially if the brain doesn't have time to recover. There are also risks if it’s mixed with alcohol or other drugs, or taken in high heat without hydration.Another concern is purity: many “Molly” or “Ecstasy” pills aren’t pure MDMA. They may be mixed with other substances like methamphetamine or even synthetic chemicals, which can change the experience or increase risk.With good information and harm-reduction strategies — like staying hydrated, not taking too much, and using test kits — people can reduce the chances of something going wrong. Knowing what you're taking is key.

Cocaine

Onset Time: Seconds (smoked), minutes (snorted)
Duration: 30 minutes to 1 hour
Primary Effects: Euphoria, energy, talkativeness
Common Side Effects: Anxiety, restlessness, dilated pupils
Long-Term Risks: Addiction, heart problems, paranoia, mood swings
Dangerous Interactions: Alcohol (forms toxic cocaethylene), opioids (respiratory risk)

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug made from the coca plant. It speeds up messages between the brain and body, making people feel energized, alert, or euphoric for a short time. It’s usually used in powder form (snorted or rubbed on gums), or in a crystal form called crack that is smoked.Some people use cocaine in party settings or to feel more confident or social. The effects can feel good at first, but they wear off quickly — which sometimes leads to using more to keep the feeling going. Over time, this can create strain on the body and brain.Cocaine increases heart rate and blood pressure, and using a lot or combining it with other substances can raise the risk of heart problems or anxiety. It’s also not uncommon for street cocaine to be mixed with other substances, which can make effects less predictable.Cocaine itself isn’t physically addictive in the way opioids are, but it can be habit-forming because of how strongly it affects the brain’s reward system. Like all drugs, the context, mindset, and reasons for use matter a lot. Understanding the risks, rather than just hearing “don’t do it,” helps people make more informed and safer choices.

Ketamine

Onset Time: 30 seconds (IV), 5–15 minutes (snorted)
Duration: 30–60 minutes (primary), with aftereffects for hours
Primary Effects: Dissociation, sedation, altered perception
Common Side Effects: Nausea, dizziness, confusion
Long-Term Risks: Bladder issues, memory problems, psychological dependence
Dangerous Interactions: Alcohol, benzodiazepines, other sedatives

Ketamine is a drug originally developed as a medical anesthetic. It’s still used today in hospitals and clinics for pain relief and sedation. In lower doses, ketamine can cause feelings of relaxation, dissociation (feeling separate from your body or surroundings), and altered perception. Some people use it recreationally at parties, clubs, or music events for those mind-altering effects.In recent years, ketamine has also gained attention in the medical world as a treatment for depression especially for people who haven’t received relief with other medications. In a controlled setting, doctors may give low doses of ketamine to help these brain patterns. When used outside of medical care, ketamine still has risks. High doses can lead to a state called a “K-hole”, where a person feels completely disconnected from their body or reality. While some find this intense or meaningful, others may feel confused or scared. It can also impair memory, coordination, and judgment especially if mixed with alcohol or other drugs.Ketamine isn’t physically addictive like opioids, but regular use can lead to psychological dependence. It can also cause bladder or urinary issues with heavy, long-term use. As with any drug, understanding both the potential and the risks leads to smarter, safer choices.

'Acid' (LSD)

Onset Time: 30–90 minutes
Duration: 8–12 hours
Primary Effects: Visual and sensory distortions, deep thinking
Common Side Effects: Anxiety, dilated pupils, increased heart rate
Long-Term Risks: Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), rare lasting psychosis
Dangerous Interactions: SSRIs, antipsychotics, and other stimulants

LSD, also known as acid, is a powerful psychedelic that changes how you see, feel, and think. It’s usually taken as a small piece of paper (called a “tab”) placed under the tongue, though it can also come in liquid form. Effects typically last 8 to 12 hours.People take LSD for many reasons — curiosity, creativity, self-reflection, or exploring consciousness. Some describe beautiful visuals, deep thoughts, or emotional release. Others may experience confusion or anxiety, especially if taken in a stressful environment or without preparation.LSD isn’t physically addictive, but it is very strong. Your mindset ("set") and surroundings ("setting") can really shape the experience. Some people come away with powerful insights, while others might feel overwhelmed.It doesn’t damage the brain, but it can stir up underlying mental health conditions in rare cases. Also, because LSD is often made in underground labs, strength and purity can vary. Taking too much can lead to intense or long-lasting trips.LSD has been used in research and therapy settings in recent years, with growing interest in its potential benefits. But it's not a casual experience — learning how it works and respecting its power can make all the difference.

Methamphetamine

Onset Time: Seconds (smoked/injected), minutes (oral)
Duration: 8–24 hours
Primary Effects: Intense energy, alertness, confidence
Common Side Effects: Insomnia, agitation, fast heartbeat
Long-Term Risks: Addiction, psychosis, heart damage, dental issues
Dangerous Interactions: Other stimulants, heart medications, MAOIs

Meth is a very strong stimulant that affects the central nervous system. It can come as a white powder, small crystals (“crystal meth”), or pills. People may smoke, snort, inject, or swallow it. Meth produces intense energy, focus, and confidence — but also speeds up heart rate and reduces appetite and sleep.Some use meth to stay awake or alert, while others use it in social or party settings. At first, it can feel exciting or powerful. But it also puts a lot of stress on the body and brain, especially if used often or in high amounts.Meth is addictive, meaning people may begin to rely on it physically & emotionally. Long-term use can affect mood, memory, sleep, and direct health (like weight loss or dental problems).One of the biggest challenges today is that meth may be mixed with other drugs — like fentanyl — which increases the risk of overdose, especially when users aren’t aware of it.While meth has serious risks, people who use it aren’t “bad” or “broken.” They’re often dealing with stress, trauma, or social challenges. Education, support, and compassion are much more effective than fear or judgment.

'Bars' Xanax (Alprazolam)

Onset Time: 15–30 minutes
Duration: 4–6 hours
Primary Effects: Calmness, sedation, anxiety reduction
Common Side Effects: Drowsiness, confusion, dizziness
Long-Term Risks: Dependence, withdrawal seizures, memory issues
Dangerous Interactions: Opioids, alcohol, and other depressants (can slow breathing)

Xanax is the brand name for alprazolam, a type of drug called a benzodiazepine, or “benzo.” It’s often prescribed to help with anxiety or panic attacks because it works quickly to calm the nervous system.Some people use it recreationally for its relaxing, sleepy, or calming effects. Street versions are often called “bars” because of their shape. But here’s the issue: not all “Xanax” pills sold outside of pharmacies are real. Some are counterfeit pills that may contain stronger or more dangerous substances — including fentanyl.Xanax isn’t considered physically addictive after short use, but if taken too often or in high doses, it can lead to dependence. Stopping suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms — even seizures in serious cases. It also becomes much riskier when combined with alcohol or opioids, because that can slow breathing too much.Used carefully and as prescribed, benzodiazepines can help people feel stable and supported. But when misused, especially without knowing what's really in the pill, the risks go up quickly.The safest approach is to never take pills that didn’t come from a pharmacy you trust — and to understand that calm doesn’t have to come from a pill.

Methadone

Onset Time: 30 minutes
Duration: 24–36 hours
Primary Effects: Pain relief, suppresses opioid withdrawal
Common Side Effects: Drowsiness, constipation, sweating
Long-Term Risks: Dependence, slowed breathing (at high doses)
Dangerous Interactions: Alcohol, benzodiazepines, other opioids

Methadone is a prescription medication used to help people manage opioid addiction. It works by easing withdrawal symptoms and reducing cravings without creating the intense high that drugs like heroin or fentanyl can cause. It’s usually taken as a liquid or pill, under the supervision of a clinic or doctor.Methadone is a long-acting opioid, which means it stays in the body longer and can help stabilize someone’s life — allowing them to focus on recovery, work, and relationships. It’s not a “cure,” but it’s an important tool for many people trying to make a change.While methadone is used for treatment, it still has risks if misused. Taking too much or combining it with other depressants (like alcohol or benzodiazepines) can lead to breathing problems or overdose. That’s why it's often closely monitored.Sometimes methadone is misunderstood or judged, but studies show it helps reduce overdose deaths and improves recovery outcomes. It's an example of harm reduction — meeting people where they are and offering support that works in real life.The key is understanding that medication-assisted treatment is not “replacing one drug with another,” but helping people take back control of their health and future.

Heroin

Onset Time: Seconds (injected), minutes (snorted/smoked)
Duration: 4–6 hours
Primary Effects: Intense euphoria, relaxation, pain relief
Common Side Effects: Itching, dry mouth, slowed breathing
Long-Term Risks: Addiction, collapsed veins, infections, overdose
Dangerous Interactions: Fentanyl, alcohol, benzodiazepines

Heroin is an opioid drug made from morphine, a natural substance found in the poppy plant. It’s usually found as a white or brown powder, or as a sticky substance known as “black tar heroin.” People use it by injecting, snorting, or smoking, and it causes strong feelings of relaxation, pain relief, and euphoria.Heroin works by slowing down the body’s systems, including breathing and heart rate. Because of how intensely it affects the brain’s reward system, it can become habit-forming — especially when used regularly. Over time, people may develop tolerance, meaning they need more to feel the same effects, and dependence, where stopping causes withdrawal symptoms.One of the biggest risks with heroin today is not knowing exactly what’s in it. Many street supplies are mixed with fentanyl, a much stronger opioid that increases the chance of overdose, even in small amounts. This makes heroin use far riskier than it used to be.

Fentanyl

Onset Time: Seconds to minutes
Duration: 30–90 minutes
Primary Effects: Intense euphoria, strong pain relief
Common Side Effects: Nausea, sedation, constipation
Long-Term Risks: High overdose risk, respiratory depression, dependence
Dangerous Interactions: Benzodiazepines, alcohol, opioids — extremely dangerous

Fentanyl is a very strong synthetic opioid, originally developed for medical use to treat severe pain, especially in surgery or cancer care. It's about 50–100 times stronger than morphine, which means it works in very small amounts — and that’s part of what makes it risky outside of a hospital.In the illegal drug market, fentanyl is often mixed into other drugs — like pills, powders, or even cocaine — without people knowing. Just a small amount can slow down breathing and cause an overdose, especially if someone isn’t used to opioids.Fentanyl isn’t bad in itself — it saves lives when used in proper medical settings. But on the street, the danger is how unpredictable it is. Some people think they’re taking one drug, but it turns out to be fentanyl or a mix. That’s why fentanyl test strips and naloxone (Narcan) — a medicine that reverses opioid overdose — are so important.The goal isn’t to scare, but to be real: fentanyl is powerful, and without proper awareness, it’s easy to underestimate. Learning how to recognize risks and how to respond can literally save a life — yours or someone else's.

Opioids (General)

Onset Time: 10–30 minutes (oral), faster if injected
Duration: 4–6 hours
Primary Effects: Pain relief, sedation, euphoria
Common Side Effects: Constipation, nausea, drowsiness
Long-Term Risks: Addiction, overdose, respiratory depression
Dangerous Interactions: Benzodiazepines, alcohol, and other depressants

Opioids are a class of drugs that include prescription medications like OxyContin, Vicodin, and morphine, as well as illegal drugs like heroin. They’re used to treat pain because they block signals between the brain and the body, helping people feel relief.

Used properly under medical supervision, opioids can be helpful and safe. But they can also create a strong sense of euphoria, which makes some people want to keep using them leading to tolerance, dependence, and often addiction.

Today, many people start with prescribed opioids for things like injury or surgery and later find themselves using them in ways they didn’t expect. Others encounter opioids through pills or powders bought on the street — which might be cut with fentanyl or other substances.

Opioid use disorder is a medical condition, not a moral failure. Many people recover with support, treatment, and access to resources like methadone, Suboxone, or counseling.

The most important thing to know is that opioids affect breathing. If someone takes too much, especially when combined with alcohol or benzodiazepines, it can lead to overdose. Knowing how to recognize signs of an overdose and carrying naloxone, can make a big difference.

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